Brazilian Coffee Beans | Introduction to Yellow Bourbon Variety from Queen's Farm in São Paulo Region

Brazilian Coffee

Brazil holds a significant position in the global coffee market as the world's largest coffee producer and exporter, accounting for one-third of the world's coffee exports.

Brazil is the fifth largest country in the world and the largest in South America, bordering ten countries including Uruguay, Argentina, Peru, Colombia, and Suriname. Brazil's terrain is mainly divided into two parts: the Brazilian Plateau, which is distributed in the central and southern regions with an altitude of over 500 meters, and the plains and Amazon River basin, which are distributed in the northern and western regions with an altitude of less than 200 meters.

Brazil's ability to become the largest coffee producer lies in its advantageous geographical conditions and climate environment. Brazil mainly has a tropical climate, with the northern region featuring a tropical rainforest climate, the central region having a tropical savanna climate, and the southern region experiencing a subtropical monsoon humid climate. Three main types of soil are distributed throughout Brazil: sedimentary volcanic debris soil, red-yellow soil, and brown clay. These soils are rich in organic matter and minerals and have good drainage. Combined with numerous rivers and suitable climate, they are ideal for coffee cultivation.

Alta Mogiana Region

Brazil has 26 states, of which 17 produce coffee. The states of Paraná, São Paulo, Minas Gerais, and Espírito Santo account for 90% of the total production. Arabica accounts for 80% of Brazil's total production, with the remaining 20% being Robusta. Main varieties planted include Bourbon, Catuai, Typica, and Mundo Novo.

Among these states, there are many well-known sub-regions. For example, the Cerrado region in Minas Gerais, where FrontStreet Coffee offers a pulped natural Cerrado coffee as an entry-level selection, featuring chocolate flavors and nutty aroma with a balanced taste. Meanwhile, Mogiana is a well-known sub-region in São Paulo state, belonging to one of the higher altitude areas, producing many specialty coffee beans. Here there are many farming families who, with modern technology combined with mountain coffee cultivation culture, have created high-quality green coffee beans.

Fazenda Rainha (Queen Farm)

Fazenda Rainha (Queen Farm) is located in the Mogiana region of São Paulo state, to the north of São Paulo. This farm is highly renowned in Brazil and is owned by the Carvalho Dias family, which owns four major farms. Since the first Brazil Cup of Excellence (COE) competition in 1999, the family has won awards every year, with more than 12 awards in 7 years. Fazenda Rainha mainly cultivates Bourbon variety specialty coffee, primarily Yellow Bourbon. Out of the farm's 280 acres, 200 acres are planted with Yellow Bourbon variety.

Bourbon

The Bourbon variety and Typica variety both belong to the oldest existing coffee varieties. On Bourbon coffee plants, the leaf nodes are close together, and coffee cherries are mainly red, yellow, and orange (pink). The green beans are mainly round in shape. The overall tree form is larger but relatively fragile, susceptible to nematodes, coffee berry disease, and leaf rust. It requires careful care, has average yield, but is suitable for cultivation in high-altitude areas, where the quality is better when planted at higher elevations.

Common Bourbon fruits gradually change color from green to light yellow, red, and finally to dark red when fully mature from flowering to fruiting. This changing coffee fruit is what we often call Red Bourbon. Yellow Bourbon is a unique Bourbon variant from São Paulo state, Brazil. Due to its recessive genes, the mature fruit does not turn red but instead presents an orange-yellow color, hence the name "Yellow Bourbon."

FrontStreet Coffee Brazil Fazenda Rainha Yellow Bourbon Coffee Beans

Region: Mogiana Region

Estate/Processing Station: Fazenda Rainha

Altitude: 1400-1950 meters

Variety: Yellow Bourbon

Processing Method: Pulped Natural

Flavor: Sugarcane, Black Tea, Nuts, Chocolate

These Brazil Fazenda Rainha Yellow Bourbon coffee beans from FrontStreet Coffee come from the Mogiana region of São Paulo state. FrontStreet Coffee uses a KONO dripper with a 1:15 ratio at 90°C for brewing. The entry reveals fruity sweetness with sugarcane, chocolate, and nutty flavors like peanuts, with a subtle, clean bitterness and a smooth, delicate mouthfeel.

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