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Coffee trade is the world's second-largest commodity after crude oil, which demonstrates the tremendous demand for coffee. The East, as the birthplace of tea, has seen a rapid increase in coffee consumption in recent years. Coffee has become an important beverage for more working professionals, and scientific research on coffee and health continues to grow.

Interestingly, while some studies suggest that drinking coffee can reduce the risk of dementia, other research indicates that coffee consumption might increase the risk of developing dementia. These conflicting scientific findings have left many people wondering whether drinking coffee is beneficial or harmful.

It is estimated that coffee, as one of the most popular beverages worldwide, has approximately 3 billion cups consumed globally every day.

Understanding Dementia and Coffee's Impact

When we talk about dementia, we generally refer to Alzheimer's disease, which is characterized by the accumulation of beta-amyloid and tau protein deposits in the brain. It is the most common neurodegenerative disease.

In November 2021, researchers from Edith Cowan University in Australia published a study in the journal Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience titled "Higher Coffee Consumption Is Associated With Slower Cognitive Decline and Less Cerebral Aβ-Amyloid Accumulation Over 126 Months: Data From the Australian Imaging, Biomarkers, and Lifestyle Study."

This decade-long study showed that drinking more coffee might reduce the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease. Specifically, increased coffee intake may work by slowing down the accumulation of beta-amyloid protein in the brain.

Dr. Samantha Gardener, the first author of the research paper, pointed out that the survey results show an association between coffee intake and several important biomarkers related to Alzheimer's disease. People with higher coffee intake actually had lower accumulation of beta-amyloid protein in their brains.

Research on Coffee, Tea, and Health Benefits

Also in November of that year, Wang Yaogang's team from Tianjin Medical University published a research paper in PLOS Medicine, which showed that drinking coffee or tea can reduce the risk of stroke and dementia.

Researchers found that drinking 2-3 cups of coffee, 3-5 cups of tea, or a combination of 4-6 cups of coffee and tea daily was associated with the lowest risk of stroke or dementia.

Researchers believe there are interactions between coffee and tea related to stroke and dementia, with several mechanisms at play. One of these is that coffee is a primary source of caffeine, containing polyphenols and other bioactive compounds with potentially beneficial health effects. These substances are thought to have neuroprotective properties, including inhibiting beta-amyloid protein accumulation.

The Negative Effects of Excessive Coffee Consumption

While coffee can have positive effects on the brain, it can also have negative effects. In August 2021, unlike previous positive studies, coffee consumption was surprisingly associated with reduced brain volume, which attracted widespread attention. "Excessive coffee consumption reduces brain volume" became a trending topic on Weibo, and Coffee Workshop reported on this matter.

Researchers from the University of South Australia published a research paper in Nutritional Neuroscience titled "High coffee consumption, brain volume and risk of dementia and stroke."

Researchers found that compared to people who drink only two cups of coffee per day, those who drink more than six cups daily have relatively smaller brain volumes and a 53% increased risk of dementia.

Finding the Right Balance

Many studies show that coffee intake has positive aspects regarding the risk of dementia. If you carefully observe the coffee intake amounts in these studies, you'll notice that there is a specific quantity of coffee cups. Previous research has shown that drinking 3-5 cups of coffee daily is associated with about a 65% reduction in the risk of dementia in old age.

Rather than focusing on the number of cups, it's more about caffeine intake. In many studies on the beneficial health effects of coffee on the human body, caffeine intake generally does not exceed the FDA's recommended 400 milligrams.

So, how many cups of coffee do you drink per day?

Image source: Internet

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