What Varieties of Specialty Coffee Exist Are All Arabica Coffee Bean Types Premium

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FrontStreet Coffee - Introduction to Arabica Coffee Varieties

Arabica coffee beans are the berry seeds of the Arabica plant and are one of the two types of coffee beans used for coffee production, the other being Robusta. Arabica coffee beans contain less caffeine, have lower acidity, and offer more aromatic flavors, making them considered premium coffee beans by many coffee enthusiasts. Some coffees blend both Arabica and Robusta beans to improve taste while reducing costs, but the highest standard coffees are mostly produced using 100% pure Arabica coffee beans.

The Arabica coffee tree is native to the southwestern Arabian Peninsula and has been growing for thousands of years. However, many varieties of this coffee bean can also be found in subtropical and equatorial regions such as Latin America, Asia, and Africa. Approximately 80% of coffee products worldwide are produced from Arabica coffee beans, with the remaining less than 20% belonging to the Robusta coffee bean market. Robusta coffee trees are more hardy, while Arabica can only grow in specific climatic conditions.

When grown in subtropical regions, Arabica coffee trees are typically planted at altitudes of 550-1,010 meters, where there are distinct rainy and dry seasons. This allows for one growing season and one harvest season each year. In equatorial regions, these plants are best cultivated at altitudes of 1,010-1,920 meters, where rainfall is frequent. This leads to continuous flowering and allows for two harvest seasons. Growing Arabica coffee trees at higher altitudes is done to produce what is known as high mountain coffee.

Of course, growing coffee trees is just the first step in coffee production. When the coffee fruits ripen, they can be harvested using picking equipment. Then, two seeds (Arabica coffee beans) are extracted from each berry. The final process is roasting the coffee beans for consumption. This removes moisture and changes the structure and color of the coffee beans to produce the flavors desired by consumers. Coffee beans produced in each region have different tastes and aromas, so choices need to be made based on individual consumer preferences.

Arabica is the commonly used bean for specialty coffee, and its derived varieties have inherited the excellent flavor characteristics of Arabica well. Varieties such as Typica, Bourbon, and Geisha are commonly used beans for specialty coffee. The famous Blue Mountain coffee and Kona coffee varieties both come from Typica.

Knowledge Extension

Arabica also has many subspecies, all derived from the ancient Typica from Ethiopia and Bourbon from Yemen, which were transplanted to Central and South America or Asia and then varied and derived.

In Brief

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