Advantages of Coffee Cultivation in Yunnan: Characteristics of Yunnan-Grown Coffee Beans

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Introduction to FrontStreet Coffee's Yunnan Baoshan Huaguoshan Coffee

The provinces most suitable for coffee cultivation in China mainly include Yunnan, Hainan, Guangdong, and Guangxi. Among them, Yunnan's planting area and production both account for over 95% of the country's total. The southern and western parts of Yunnan, including Dehong, Lincang, Pu'er, Baoshan, Xishuangbanna, and Wenshan, are all distribution areas for Yunnan small-grain coffee cultivation. To date, Yunnan's coffee planting area has reached 1.8 million acres, with an annual coffee production of 150,000 tons.

The western and southern parts of Yunnan Province are located between 15°N latitude and the Tropic of Cancer. Most areas have an altitude of 1,000-2,000 meters, with terrain dominated by mountains and slopes. Here, the fertile land, abundant sunshine, rich rainfall, and significant day-night temperature differences create the unique characteristics of Yunnan small-grain coffee—strong but not bitter, fragrant but not intense, with a slight fruity flavor.

Coffee cultivation in Baoshan began in the mid-1950s, with the first coffee seedling introduced by the late patriotic overseas Chinese Mr. Liang Jinshan from Southeast Asia. The Baoshan coffee growing area is located at the eastern foot of the Gaoligong Mountains, belonging to the dry-hot valley zone with a South Asian tropical dry-winter and wet-summer plateau monsoon climate. It enjoys abundant sunshine, rich heat, relatively little rainfall, warm winters with little fog, and is frost-free year-round, earning it the reputation of a "natural greenhouse" and "tropical treasure land."

The locally famous small-grain coffee is of excellent quality. It won a gold medal at the 42nd Brussels Eureka Exhibition in 1993 and was praised by world-class coffee experts from Brazil, Turkey, Indonesia, and other countries as "world-class quality" and "world-class cultivation standards." In recent years, with the expansion of international trade, the small-grain coffee from Lujiang Basin has become even more renowned.

Countries in Europe, America, and the Arab world, especially merchants from Britain, America, Egypt, Hong Kong, and Macao, all regard it as premium coffee, with products in high demand and short supply. In December 2010, after review by the China General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine, it was decided to implement national geographical indication product protection for "Baoshan Small-Grain Coffee." By the end of 2016, Baoshan's coffee planting area reached 260,000 acres with a total production of 35,000 tons, mainly distributed in counties (cities) such as Longyang, Longling, Changning, and Shidian.

Typica

One of the old coffee varieties that people in Baoshan, Yunnan refer to is Typica. The Typica variety is an ancient, original coffee variety from Ethiopia.

Typica's top leaves are bronze-colored, with opposite leaves that are long oval-shaped and smooth-surfaced. The terminal branches are long with few branches. Although Typica coffee has elegant flavor, it has weak physical constitution, poor disease resistance, is susceptible to leaf rust disease, and does not have high yields.

【Yunnan Huaguoshan】's dry aroma has a subtle citrus acidity and nutty fragrance. When tasted, it presents the acidity of plums and citrus along with nutty flavors, melon and fruit aromas, and brown sugar sweetness. The aftertaste carries some black tea sensation. The overall flavor profile is quite rich and layered.

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