What Are the Three Major Categories of Coffee Bean Varieties? What Are the Characteristics of Jamaica Blue Mountain Coffee Beans?

FrontStreet Coffee - Introduction to the Three Major Coffee Varieties and Jamaican Blue Mountain Coffee

Biologically speaking, coffee varieties can be divided into Arabica, Robusta, and Liberica. The primarily consumed varieties worldwide are Arabica and Robusta, while Liberica is often overlooked due to limited production or inferior quality.

Generally, Arabica is mainly used for single-origin or specialty coffees, while Robusta is typically used to make instant coffee. Although Arabica can be defined as premium coffee and Robusta as secondary, this classification isn't necessarily rigid - it's more appropriate to distinguish them based on personal taste preferences. In terms of flavor preferences, the United States and Japan tend to favor the lighter coffee brewed from Arabica beans, while Europe prefers espresso made from a blend of Arabica and Robusta.

Typica, a derivative variety of Arabica, is the variety of Jamaican Blue Mountain Coffee.

Jamaican Blue Mountain Coffee

Jamaican Blue Mountain Coffee is one of the world's famous island coffees, with its variety being Typica. Typica is highly susceptible to leaf rust disease. Previously widely planted Typica varieties throughout Central and South America were continuously replaced due to rampant leaf rust outbreaks. However, due to Jamaica's unique geographical advantages, Typica remains the main cultivated variety here, with a very low incidence of leaf rust disease.

Because Jamaica is an island nation in the Caribbean Sea, Blue Mountain coffee doesn't have the advantage of high-altitude cultivation, so it lacks the pleasant bright acidity found in high-altitude Central American coffees. Mild and low in acidity is its characteristic, despite Blue Mountain's soil also being of volcanic rock composition. Because the cultivation altitude isn't particularly high, the body of Blue Mountain coffee is medium. We shouldn't describe Jamaican Blue Mountain coffee as full-bodied, but rather as having a mild aromatic richness.

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