How is Indonesian Sulawesi Coffee? Toraja Coffee Flavor Profile and Introduction

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FrontStreet Coffee - Introduction to Sulawesi Toraja Coffee

Asian coffee production ranks second only to Central and South America, with Indonesia being the largest coffee producer in Asia. Indonesia has always been the largest coffee-producing country in Asia, while India produces 291,000 tons of coffee beans, ranking as the third-largest coffee-producing country in Asia. Asian coffee has a higher body than beans from Central and South America and Africa, but with lower acidity. Its flavor profile slightly includes woody, herbal, spicy, and earthy notes, with deeper mellow aromas prevailing over bright acidic fragrances.

Scarce but High-Quality with Rich Floral Aroma – Sulawesi

On the burlap bags of "Sulawesi" coffee, three English words often appear: "Celebes," "Toraja," and "Kalossi." "Celebes" was the old name of the island during Dutch colonial rule ("Celebes Island"), which has long been changed to Sulawesi; "Toraja" is not a place name, city name, or variety name, but rather refers to the "Toraja" ethnic group skilled in coffee cultivation living in the mountainous areas of central Sulawesi, and it is also the name of the island's specialty coffee beans. Like the aforementioned Mandailing and Gayo peoples, they belong to ethnic groups proficient in coffee cultivation; "Kalossi" is the small town of Kalossi in the central part of the island, serving as the centralized trading place for Toraja coffee beans.

Toraja is also one of the world's rare specialty coffee beans, with an annual production of about 1,000 metric tons, distributed across the rugged slopes of approximately 1,200 meters in central and southwestern Sulawesi. Cultivation and harvesting are both challenging, with an average annual yield of only 300 kilograms per hectare, far below the average of over 1,000 kilograms in Central and South America. The three major Toraja estates are: "PT Kapal Api" with 2,000 hectares of coffee gardens; "CSR" ranking second with 1,100 hectares of coffee gardens; and Japan's "Key Coffee" with "Toarco Jaya" as the third-largest estate, owning 700 hectares of coffee gardens. In other words, Toraja is more precious and rare than Mandheling or Golden Mandheling.

Toraja is washed or semi-washed, with brighter acidic aromas than Sumatra's Mandheling or Golden Mandheling, and more distinct layering. It has a rich caramel sweetness, but the earthy, woody flavors and body are much more subdued than Mandheling, with a slight floral aroma.

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