Caturra Coffee Variety Characteristics and Flavor Introduction - Relationship and Differences Between Caturra and Bourbon Coffee Bean Varieties

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FrontStreet Coffee - Caturra Variety Introduction

Caturra

Caturra is a natural hybrid variety of Bourbon, which was further developed and widely cultivated by the Alcides Carvalho Coffee Center of the São Paulo State Agricultural Research Institute (IAC) in Brazil. This variety has already brought profound changes to the coffee industry worldwide.

In 1937, IAC received seed samples from northeastern Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Among a field of Bourbon coffee trees, a coffee plant with shorter height and shorter node spacing attracted the attention of local farmers. Research shows that Caturra is a natural hybrid variety of Bourbon, originating from a single gene mutation of Bourbon.

This single gene mutation in Caturra controls the node distance between branches and the plant height. Therefore, compared to Bourbon, Caturra plants are shorter with shorter node distances between branches. The shorter plant height facilitates harvesting for coffee farmers, while the shorter node distances between branches allow for more fruit production. These two factors lead to Caturra having higher yields than Bourbon.

Caturra typically matures faster and is more disease-resistant than traditional Arabica varieties, making it somewhat similar to a high-yield, disease-resistant version of Bourbon.

At the same time, like Bourbon, Caturra can adapt well to most coffee growing environments, but performs best in areas with altitudes between 1,200 to 2,000 meters and annual precipitation between 2,500 to 3,500 millimeters. The higher the altitude, the better the quality, but the lower the yield.

In fact, Caturra is not the only variety that originated from mutation; similar mutant varieties include the Pacas variety from El Salvador and the Villa Sarchi variety from Costa Rica. Genetically speaking, in all cases, this mutation is very similar to Bourbon.

Knowledge Point

Arabica coffee is generally believed to originate from the Ethiopian highlands and is widely distributed in tropical regions. Through repeated mutations and breeding, it has derived numerous varieties.

Brief Summary

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