Yunnan Coffee Varieties and Characteristics - Is Yunnan Small Bean Coffee Arabica? Bloodline Constraints Quality
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FrontStreet Coffee - Yunnan Coffee Varieties Introduction
Yunnan is the world's seventh-largest producer of Arabica coffee (2017/2018 harvest). The main cultivated variety in Yunnan is Catimor—a hybrid Arabica variety of Caturra and Timor. Fully washed Catimor has attracted attention for its soft tones, good mouthfeel, and sweet flavor combination.
Coffee trees are extremely particular about their growing environment, with specific requirements for sunlight and irrigation water quality. The most suitable regions for coffee tree cultivation and growth must have appropriate temperatures (annual average temperature: between 15-25°C), moderate rainfall (annual rainfall must reach 1500-2000mm and align with the coffee growth cycle), fertile soil, and good drainage.
Typica and Bourbon, two classic high-quality coffee varieties, are the main cultivated varieties in Yunnan. In 1991, Yunnan also introduced the Catimor series from Kenya, which has stronger virus resistance and higher yields. Currently, the most widely planted variety in Yunnan is the Catimor series, with small amounts of Typica and Bourbon still cultivated in the Baoshan region.
Coffee Varieties
Typica
Typica is the most classic high-quality Arabica variety. World-famous coffees such as Blue Mountain and Mocha are almost entirely Arabica varieties. Typica coffee originates from Ethiopia and southeastern Sudan and is the most widely cultivated coffee variety in the Western Hemisphere.
Bourbon
This variety originates from Typica and was expanded after being planted by the French in 1708 on Bourbon Island (now Réunion Island). Bourbon also has wonderful aroma and rich flavors, with higher yields and growth vigor compared to Typica, suitable for cultivation in regions at 1200-2000 meters altitude. Bourbon coffee is the second most important variety after Typica among small-grain coffees.
Catimor
A small-grain coffee variety belonging to the Catimor high-generation series. Catimor is not purely of Arabica lineage; it is a hybrid between Timor (which belongs to the Robusta species) and Caturra (a Bourbon variety), therefore Catimor has 25% Robusta lineage.
Knowledge Point
Typica is an old variety with excellent flavor, good mouthfeel, and distinct aroma, but weak disease resistance.
Conclusion
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