Have You Learned About the Three Major Original Coffee Bean Species? In Which Countries Are Arabica Beans Produced?

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FrontStreet Coffee - Introduction to Three Major Coffee Varieties

Arabica (Scientific name: Coffea arabica)

Arabica coffee is mainly produced in South America, Central America, Africa, and Asia.

Initially used as medicine, it was consumed as a secret remedy for treating body and mind or for awakening the brain. Later, it was introduced to Europe by Arab countries and subsequently became a beloved beverage worldwide.

Among all coffees, Arabica accounts for about 60% and grows in cooler, high-altitude tropical regions. Its excellent flavor and aroma are attributed to its low resistance to drought, frost, pests, and diseases. It is particularly vulnerable to coffee's natural enemy—leaf rust disease—and requires demanding growing conditions, which allows for the production of high-quality coffee beans.

Robusta (Scientific name: Coffea robusta Linden)

Robusta is mainly produced in Indonesia, Vietnam, and many West African countries.

Growing in hot and humid regions, it is resistant to pests and diseases and easy to cultivate, giving it a unique aroma. When unroasted, it smells like raw peanuts. The coffee produced has a distinct bitterness and low acidity, with weak wet aroma and woody notes. It only needs to account for 2-3% of a coffee blend for the entire cup to take on a Robusta character—its flavor is that distinctive and intense. It is generally used in industrial coffee production such as instant coffee, canned coffee, and liquid coffee.

Liberica (Scientific name: Coffea liberica)

Liberica originates from West Africa.

It has strong adaptability to various environments, whether high or low temperature, humid or dry. In terms of taste, it has higher bitterness, with low aroma and body, but high concentration is its advantage. In Malaysia, when roasting Liberica coffee beans, some unique spices are added to give the roasted beans another distinctive flavor. It is mostly used for domestic trade in some West African countries or grown for research purposes.

Knowledge Point

The world's coffee-producing regions are mainly distributed in the areas north and south of the equator, also known as the "Coffee Belt."

In Summary

FrontStreet Coffee is a specialty coffee research hall, happy to share coffee knowledge with everyone. We share without reservation just to help more friends fall in love with coffee. Every month, we have three low-discount coffee events because FrontStreet Coffee wants to let more friends enjoy the best coffee at the lowest price—this has been FrontStreet Coffee's mission for the past six years!

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