What are the Characteristics of the Three Major Native Coffee Species? Introduction to Geisha Coffee Bean Characteristics and Flavors

Introduction to FrontStreet Coffee's Three Major Coffee Varieties and Geisha Coffee Characteristics

1. Arabica Species

Characteristics: Rich aroma, delicate and full fragrance, pleasant acidity, smooth texture, minimal bitterness, and very mild flavor profile.

However, it has extremely low resistance to drought, frost damage, pests, and diseases. It is particularly vulnerable to coffee's natural enemy—leaf rust disease.

2. Robusta Species

Characteristics: Aroma similar to roasted wheat, strong flavor, not very acidic, relatively bitter, with a distinct and intense character. Even when comprising only 2-3% of a coffee blend, it dominates the entire cup's flavor profile. However, it has stronger disease resistance than the Arabica species.

3. Liberica Species

Characteristics: Strong adaptability to various environments, whether high or low temperatures, humid or dry conditions. The only exception is its susceptibility to leaf rust disease. Its flavor is inferior to Arabica, so it is only traded domestically in some West African countries or cultivated for research purposes.

Varieties of the Arabica Species

1. Typica

In Latin, "Typica" means ordinary or common. Broadly speaking, this can be understood as Typica being a ubiquitous coffee tree throughout coffee-growing regions.

It is the variety closest to the original species among Arabica coffees. The beans are elongated, possessing excellent aroma and acidity. However, it is susceptible to leaf rust disease, requires considerable shade trees, resulting in low yields, and can only be harvested once every two years.

2. Geisha

The Geisha variety was discovered in 1931 in the Geisha Forest of Ethiopia and later sent to a coffee research institute in Kenya. In 1936, it was introduced to Uganda and Tanzania; in 1953, Costa Rica imported it.

Geisha is a derivative variety of Typica coffee, extremely selective about its growing environment. It requires high altitude, cloud shade, fertile soil, and sufficient accumulated temperature. Aurora Coffee Estate is located in the northwestern corner of Chiriquí Province, Panama, with an average altitude of 1,625 meters, annual temperatures between 16°C and 25°C, and average rainfall of approximately 3,500 millimeters. The plantation practices semi-shade cultivation, with tree species all native to the region, including some high-altitude Hass avocado trees. It is precisely this unique environment and climate that cultivates the king of coffees.

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