Shop Yunnan Small Bean Coffee Brands with Caution: 100% Arabica Coffee Beans Are Hard to Find!

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The Commercial Reality Behind Coffee Beans in Immature Markets

In immature markets, what's the difference between Arabica and Robusta coffee beans? This has nothing to do with botany, nothing to do with specialty coffee studies, and not even related to whether we're drinking a pure Arabica specialty coffee. This is a commercially-driven world.

Yesterday, a fan commented on Taobao, asking why Catim from Baoshan is being labeled and sold as Typica. Catim, including varieties like Catim 7963 and P4, constitutes the main variety of Yunnan coffee. Generally, when Yunnan small-bean coffee doesn't specify a particular variety, it can be understood as Catim.

A Important Perspective on Reality

Here's an important perspective to share: Although we insist that Arabica is almost synonymous with specialty coffee, in reality, whether you like it or not, some merchants sell Robusta as part of specialty coffee.

In many books, the flavor of Asian specialty coffee is described as woody and herbal. Actually, this refers to the flavor profile of Robusta hybrids. When you seriously cup and evaluate Typica and Bourbon that emphasize variety, altitude, and processing methods, the above descriptions are actually inaccurate.

Historical Context and Market Evolution

As everyone knows, in the 1970s, coffee cultivation faced the impact of leaf rust disease, and the global coffee industry encountered a harsh winter. This was only true for Arabica growers. For Robusta, it was just the beginning of spring. This timing coincided with China's need to vigorously develop its foreign economy and provide raw materials to other countries. Nestlé greatly advanced China's coffee industry development to produce raw materials for their instant coffee.

Robusta was a great discovery. Through hybridization of medium and small-bean varieties, Robusta gained immunity to leaf rust in high-temperature, high-humidity environments without requiring much growth height. Its yield is more than double that of Arabica, and coffee farmers are more willing to plant the higher-returning Robusta. In earlier years, the price even reached 40 yuan per kilogram.

In the following years, as global coffee production recovered, the price of bulk coffee (Robusta and its hybrids used as raw materials) fell sharply, while the specialty coffee market rose continuously for many years. Yunnan, which had never planted Arabica varieties on a large scale, faced a gap in this competition. Therefore, how to label existing Yunnan small-bean coffee as specialty coffee and sell it at higher prices became an urgent priority in this wave.

The Processing Method Approach

If we truly replanted Arabica varieties, it would take many years to achieve good cupping results and ultimately form a regional flavor profile, so no one chose this path. Farmers would absolutely not cut down trees and wait several years for them to grow, flower, and bear fruit. The planted trees cannot change their variety or their geographical altitude, so they thought of changing their processing method—this actually unimportant factor.

Experiments show that with the same variety and altitude, different processing methods emphasize main flavors, remove off-flavors, or add some fermentation notes. Processing methods cannot change the composition of a bean, and composition affects the flavor changes of coffee beans. Good flavors are directly related to variety and fruit maturity.

Market Reality and Acceptance

No one is willing to bear the time cost, which led to the current situation of Yunnan coffee that doesn't emphasize varieties but instead guides processing methods. Historical experience tells us that this lazy method works effectively and is widely accepted by the market. Every coffee season, numerous coffee industry professionals still run to the mountains of Yunnan, grabbing Catim indiscriminately and bringing it to cities for guests to seriously evaluate.

Even some official institutions or professional practitioners recommend all Yunnan specialty beans as exclusively Catim, excluding Typica, Bourbon, and others from their lists because they truly cannot find 100% Arabica small-bean coffee available for market selection. These activities usually involve practitioners with extensive specialty coffee industry experience and professional coffee tasters. Although they clearly understand what specialty coffee is, this doesn't prevent them from staging the emperor's new clothes. Why is reality like this? There's only one answer: this, or perhaps, is just a business.

Turning washed Catim into red cherry honey-processed Catim can raise the asking price somewhat, provided that an immature market can accept this. In reality, this is a product that blindly caters to the market. Here's a simple example: hybrid beans are inferior in quality to Arabica beans (this conclusion can be seen in some professional academic research reports on coffee in recent years). So it's unrealistic to forcefully raise prices when the quality is inferior to Arabica, while also adding "processing secrets" that drive up pricing, making it lose price advantages even as a blending bean.

Market Performance and Future Outlook

The decline in Yunnan coffee prices in recent months, amidst praise for its quality, has already demonstrated this issue. Its original nature as a raw material simply follows international futures prices—this is the essence. If we still emphasize that it indeed achieved high scores in various domestic activities, a query on the CQI official website that issues Q-Grader certificates reveals that among 5,842 Q-graders globally, mainland China has 857. However, in 2017 and 2018, only two Chinese specialty coffee scores were actually submitted to CQI: 81.17 points and 62.67 points.

Of course, our difficult path of specialty coffee always needs some people to explore it. For the industry and coffee lovers, whether the Yunnan small-bean coffee they drink is a pure 100% Arabica specialty coffee is not important, and whether Robusta can become a branch of specialty coffee is not particularly important either. In the future, perhaps the market will widely accept Robusta as a specialty bean.

FrontStreet Coffee: A roastery in Guangzhou with a small shop but diverse bean varieties, where you can find both famous and lesser-known beans, while also providing online store services. https://shop104210103.taobao.com

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