What are the characteristics of Colombian coffee bean varieties? Is Huilan a coffee variety?

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FrontStreet Coffee - Introduction to Colombian Varieties and Huilan Coffee

Among Colombian coffees, Supremo is the most representative, being the highest grade of coffee. The coffee tastes smooth and mellow, with excellent balance, emitting a sweet aroma, carrying sweetness within its acidity, with moderate bitterness. It belongs to the medium coffee category and can be used not only for blending specialty coffees but also for making single-origin coffee.

Colombian coffee is classified according to the size of green beans (screen size), with main classifications being Supremo (screen size 17 and above) and Excelso (screen size 14/16). Supremo represents high-quality premium green beans from Colombia. The fertile soil of volcanic terrain, combined with abundant rainfall, creates excellent growing conditions. The coffee has rich flavors, smelling of drupe and fruit aromas. When tasted, it presents complex berry acidity, subtle brown sugar sweetness, with a long, smooth aftertaste that is unforgettable.

In addition to common varieties in the Americas such as Caturra, Bourbon, Typica, and Pacamara, Colombia also has three unique disease-resistant varieties: Castillo, Tabi, and the Colombia variety (named after the country). Of course, there are also some rare and precious varieties like Gesha, small-grained Mocca, Rume Sudan, Eugenioides, Laurina (Pointed Bourbon), and Maraguesa (a natural hybrid of Maragogipe and Gesha).

Early varieties planted in Colombia were old Typica and Bourbon, which began to be replaced by Caturra starting in 1970. Caturra not only yields higher per plant than Typica and Bourbon, but because of its more compact tree shape, more can be planted per unit area.

Starting in 1961, CENICAFE began researching the Timor variety of Robusta lineage, subsequently breeding Timor with Caturra to develop Colombia's Catimor series. After 5 generations of breeding, in 1982, CENICAFE released Colombia's first disease-resistant coffee variety, Colombia. Following the leaf rust outbreak in 1983, the Colombia variety began to be widely promoted and planted.

Subsequently, CENICAFE continued its research and development, releasing the second disease-resistant variety Tabi (a hybrid of Typica, Bourbon, and Timor) in 2002, and in 2005 released the most successful disease-resistant variety to date, Castillo. After the massive leaf rust outbreak in 2008, Colombia began vigorously promoting Castillo cultivation.

In fact, in every coffee-growing country, there are many coffee regions and coffee varieties, and within these regions are scattered famous coffee cultivation areas and coffee estates. Therefore, the names of various regions and estates have become coffee brand names and circulate as such. For example, Ethiopia is divided into famous regions: Yirgacheffe, Sidamo, Harar, etc. Meanwhile, coffee from the Nariño region of Colombia, because it originates from Nariño, is named "Colombian Nariño."

Most Colombian coffees are named after their production regions - did you get it?

In Summary

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