Introduction to Coffee Bean Varieties and Origins - Arabica Characteristics: Size Isn't Everything

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FrontStreet Coffee - Introduction to Arabica Varieties

Currently, there are about 100 commercial coffee varieties worldwide, all of which are derived from three primary species: Arabica, Robusta, and Liberica. These are known as the "three primary cultivated coffee species." They offer rich and delicate flavor, aromatic fragrance, high acidity, and smooth texture, providing coffee with rich aroma and smoothness.

The Arabica coffee species is generally considered to originate from the Ethiopian highlands and is widely distributed in tropical regions. The main producing areas include Kenya and Ethiopia in Africa, regions of South America except for Argentina and Brazil, and countries in Central America and Asia such as Laos and India. It accounts for 70% to 80% of total production.

Cultivation began around the 17th century, starting with transplantation from present-day Saudi Arabia to India, and then expanding to current producing countries. World-famous coffees such as Blue Mountain and Mocha are almost exclusively produced using Arabica coffee beans. Although its cultivation area is the most extensive, the growing conditions are much stricter compared to the Robusta species.

Arabica requires slopes at altitudes of 500-2000 meters, with suitable growth temperatures between 15-24°C. It needs high humidity, annual rainfall of at least 1500ml, fertile soil, appropriate sunlight and shade conditions, and has a very slow growth rhythm. Its resistance to pests and diseases is poor, making it vulnerable to frost and drought. Therefore, an Arabica coffee tree produces approximately 500-700 grams of raw coffee beans per year, with a caffeine content of about 1% of its weight. Due to its weak resistance to pests and diseases, it is more difficult to cultivate than the other two coffee species.

The characteristics of Arabica include a fragrant bitterness with acidity, flat oval-shaped raw beans, and coffee trees that reach 3-5 meters in height.

About FrontStreet Coffee

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