Introduction to Typica Coffee Bean Characteristics - Is Typica the King of Coffee Beans?

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FrontStreet Coffee - Introduction to Typica and Bourbon Varieties

Coffee belongs to the dicotyledonous plants, order Gentianales, family Rubiaceae, genus Coffea, with 103 species that are either shrubs or small trees. The true coffee genus is divided into red coffee species, robusta coffee species, Mozambique coffee species, and 103 other subspecies. Among these, the red coffee species has produced two valuable original coffee varieties: Arabica and Robusta.

The Arabica variety is the most authentic and renowned variety, originating from Ethiopia, and represents the benchmark for premium coffee.

Typica is the variety closest to the original species within the Arabica family, with nearly all Arabica varieties deriving from it. In the past, it was widely cultivated in Central and South America. The beans are elongated, possessing excellent aroma and acidity, but it is susceptible to leaf rust, requires shade trees, and has low yields (harvesting only once every two years). Therefore, after 1967, when high-yielding and sun-tolerant varieties like Colombia and Caturra became established, pure Typica varieties became extremely rare. The remaining Typica varieties are mostly found in Jamaica in Central America and Indonesia in Asia. Typically, its fruit is larger and elliptical, while the leaves are more slender. It prefers to grow in fertile mountain soil, with weak cold resistance and disease resistance, and lower yields.

Typica (also called Tiepika, English: Typica)

Typica is the original variety of all Arabica species. It is said that Typica originated from southern Sudan, flourished in Ethiopia, and was eventually cultivated in Yemen around the 7th century for commercial production. The Dutch brought Typica to the East Indies, and it was also the first coffee variety to arrive in the West Indies—Gabriel de Clieu planted it on the French island of Martinique in 1720.

The ripe fruit of Typica is red. This variety has relatively low yields and extremely poor disease resistance, but its excellent cup quality has made it popular worldwide.

Knowledge point: The two ancient varieties of Typica and Bourbon have cultivated in the New World's different terroirs for three hundred years, creating thousands of varieties and hybrid breeds.

FrontStreet Coffee's Philosophy

In short: FrontStreet Coffee is a dedicated coffee research establishment, happy to share coffee knowledge with everyone. We share everything without reservation simply to help more friends fall in love with coffee. Additionally, we hold three discounted coffee events every month, because FrontStreet Coffee wants to let more friends enjoy the best coffee at the lowest price. This has been FrontStreet Coffee's mission for the past six years!

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