High-Altitude Growing Environment Requirements for Premium Coffee Beans: The Difference Between Robusta and Arabica

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FrontStreet Coffee - Introduction to Coffee Growing Conditions

Botanically, coffee belongs to the Coffea genus in the Rubiaceae family, primarily consisting of Arabica and Robusta species. Specialty coffee mainly features varieties under Arabica such as Typica, Bourbon, and Caturra. Coffee trees are evergreen shrubs cultivated in over 70 countries with suitable climates, primarily in tropical and subtropical regions between approximately 25 degrees north and south latitude. After about 3-5 years of growth, they bloom and produce cherry-like coffee fruits.

After removing the exocarp and pulp from the coffee fruit, the seeds with endocarp are planted in nurseries. After 1-2 months, the seeds gradually sprout, developing taproots that support the seedlings. After about 9 months, they grow into small trees approximately 50cm tall with 12-16 leaves, before being transplanted to the plantation. Coffee continues to grow for another 3-5 years (at least 3 years) before first flowering. The pure white coffee flowers typically consist of 5 petals and usually carry some jasmine-like fragrance.

The flowering period of coffee trees is very short, withering in about 3 days and falling off within a week. After flowering, fruits slowly develop. Coffee fruits gradually mature over 6-8 months. Initially, coffee fruits are green and hard, slowly changing color and softening into mature red fruits (though some special varieties like Yellow Bourbon turn yellow when mature). This is why coffee fruits are also called "red cherries" or "coffee cherries."

Robusta

Strong acidity with rich, intense flavor

Growing Regions:

Robusta beans are mainly produced in Indonesia, India, Vietnam, Laos, Hainan, and Guangdong.

Production:

Robusta beans account for approximately 30% of world coffee production.

Altitude Differences:

Robusta is grown at altitudes below 800 meters. Robusta has extremely strong adaptability and strong resistance to pests and diseases.

Flavor Profile:

Robusta has very weak acidity with woody and wheat-like aromas. High-quality Robusta beans are typically used for espresso blends. The flavor is more aromatic but lighter, characterized by inconspicuous acidity and stronger bitterness, often used for instant coffee.

Knowledge Point:

Robusta coffee beans can not only serve as a "price adjustment" component but also enhance the body of coffee.

In Summary:

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