Characteristics of Coffee Beans Grown in Yunnan Introduction to Yunnan Coffee Varieties

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FrontStreet Coffee - Introduction to Yunnan Coffee Varieties

The main coffee producing regions in China are: Yunnan, Hainan, and Taiwan. Coffee beans produced in Yunnan are of the Arabica species, while those from Hainan are primarily of the Robusta species. Taiwan mainly cultivates Arabica coffee bean varieties as well.

Coffee is one of the three major beverages in the world, with extensive global demand. Consequently, global coffee import and export trade is very frequent, making it the second-largest global commodity after crude oil.

When it comes to Yunnan coffee, the term we most frequently hear is "Yunnan small bean coffee," and most people describe it as "Yunnan small bean coffee—fragrant but not bitter, rich but not strong." Therefore, many classify Yunnan coffee varieties as "small bean variety," naturally evaluating Yunnan coffee's flavor as "fragrant but not bitter, rich but not strong."

Regardless of correctness, strictly speaking, among the 900-plus currently named coffee varieties, there is no term "small bean variety." Therefore, this "small bean variety" cannot strictly be considered a coffee variety; it's merely a nickname given by Yunnan people to this variety. In fact, the proper name for Yunnan's "small bean coffee" should be Arabica—Typica or Arabica—Bourbon.

Coffee originates from the tropical regions of Africa. Due to its rich content of protein, fat, sucrose, starch, glucose, caffeine, and other substances, coffee has a rich aroma and pleasant taste. Since the 15th century, it has gradually spread to various parts of the world. Currently, over 70 countries and regions worldwide cultivate coffee. Coffee is a perennial evergreen shrub or small tree belonging to the Rubiaceae family, Coffea genus, with many varieties. The widely cultivated ones include small bean, medium bean, large bean, and Excelsa varieties, among which the small bean variety, known as "fragrant coffee," has the highest production, accounting for over 80% of total coffee production.

The tropical and subtropical regions as well as low-heat valley areas in southern and southwestern Yunnan Province are all suitable for cultivating small bean coffee. Yunnan has been cultivating coffee for 80-90 years. All coffee produced in Yunnan is small bean coffee, with uniform and full particles, mellow taste, and high aroma, making it highly popular for export. In recent years, places like Lincang, Baoshan, Dehong, and Xishuangbanna have adapted to local conditions, utilizing their natural advantages to gradually expand coffee cultivation areas, with stable growth in production, showing promising development prospects.

Knowledge Extension: Most of Yunnan's current cultivation is of the Catimor variety, which is a hybrid of Caturra (a Bourbon line branch within Arabica) and Robusta species.

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