Indonesia Coffee Regions Distribution and Indonesian Coffee Bean Varieties Flavor Characteristics

FrontStreet Coffee - Indonesian Coffee Regions and Varieties Introduction

Indonesia, known as the "Land of a Thousand Islands," is the country with the most islands in the world, comprising over 17,000 large and small islands scattered across the equatorial volcanic belt. With more than 100 active volcanoes and over 300 ethnic groups, it possesses an extremely rich cultural diversity. In Indonesia, besides the famous romantic honeymoon destination - Bali Island, and the vacation paradise - Bintan Island, Indonesian coffee is also renowned. The famous "Mandheling Coffee" comes from Indonesia. In Indonesia, there are five major coffee-producing regions, each yielding coffee with its own unique characteristics.

I. SUMATRA

A large island in western Indonesia, located on the equator, covering an area of 473,000 square kilometers, making it the sixth largest island in the world. To the northeast, it faces the Malay Peninsula across the Strait of Malacca, and to the west, it borders the Indian Ocean. The equator divides it into two parts, and it has a tropical rainforest climate, perfectly situated within the "coffee belt." The broadly defined "Mandheling" coffee all comes from this island.

II. JAVA

Java Island (Indonesian: Jawa, English: Java), Indonesia's oldest coffee-producing region, has maintained its renowned reputation for Java coffee since the 18th century. It is the fifth largest island in Indonesia, facing the Indian Ocean to the south and the Java Sea to the north, located between 6° and 9° south latitude. Surrounded by sea on all sides, it has a tropical rainforest climate with no changing seasons between cold and hot. Spring-like year-round, the average annual temperature is 25-27°C with abundant rainfall. The exceptional natural conditions make the island dense with tropical vegetation, with evergreen plants throughout the year. Coffee, tea, tobacco, rubber, sugarcane, coconut, and other products are abundant.

III. SULAWESI

Indonesia's "Old K," composed of four peninsulas forming a "K" shape, is located in central Indonesia, south of the Philippines, between 6° south latitude and 3° north latitude. It's a tropical rainforest climate zone with annual precipitation exceeding 2,500 millimeters, with evenly distributed rainfall in most areas. The "Toraja" coffee, with an annual production of less than 1,000 tons, is produced in Sulawesi Island.

IV. BALI

Bali Island (Bali), which some say is diamond-shaped, though personally I think it resembles a whale, is located in the tropics and influenced by the ocean, with a mild and rainy climate. The soil is extremely fertile, with green mountains and clear waters year-round, and abundant blooming flowers. It has become a world-class tourist destination due to its picturesque scenery and simple folk customs. Such a romantic place produces coffee worthy of the reputation of "noble coffee"!

V. FLORES

Flores is the last main island in a series of islands extending eastward from Java Island. The territory is mountainous, especially in the west, with some active volcanoes in the central and eastern parts. Although it was a region that joined the coffee industry relatively late, it has developed a good reputation in coffee cultivation.

TYPICA

Typica - an original variety introduced by the Dutch. Most Typica varieties were destroyed in the late 1880s when coffee leaf rust swept through Indonesia. However, Typica mutant varieties from Bergandal and Sidikalang can still be found in the high-altitude areas of Sumatra.

Hibrido de Timor (HDT)

Also known as "Tim Tim" - is a natural hybrid of Arabica and Robusta. It appears to be a single-origin coffee variety from between 1917-1918, planted in Aceh in 1979.

Linie S

This lineage originally evolved from Bourbon in India. The most common varieties are S-288 and S-795. Usually planted more in Aceh Province, Flores, and Rantau Province.

Ethiopian lines

Includes Rambung and Abyssinia - varieties brought to Java in 1928. Continuously cultivated in Aceh. Another group of Ethiopian variants was discovered in Sumatra, called "USDA," which was introduced to Indonesia in the 1950s.

Caturra

Caturra variety - Caturra is a natural mutation of Bourbon coffee, originating from Brazil.

Catimor

Catimor variety - is a hybrid of Arabica and Robusta cultivated to improve flavor and disease resistance. Catimor has many subspecies, and most current research focuses on which Catimor varieties are suitable for cultivation in Aceh and can achieve good cupping results.

Knowledge Extension

In order to help Ethiopian coffee farmers obtain better income and improve the living standards of local people, in 2007, a Dutch trader Trabocca and farmers in the producing areas launched the "OPERATION CHERRY RED PROJECT" Red Cherry Project.

Summary

In short, FrontStreet Coffee is a coffee research center, happy to share coffee knowledge with everyone. We share without reservation only to let more friends fall in love with coffee. Moreover, there are three low-discount coffee activities every month, because FrontStreet Coffee wants to let more friends drink the best coffee at the lowest price, which has been FrontStreet Coffee's principle for the past 6 years!

Important Notice :

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