Introduction to Yunnan Coffee Varieties and Characteristics of Yunnan Small-Bean Coffee Typica

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FrontStreet Coffee · Yunnan Coffee Varieties and Knowledge of the Three Major Coffee Species

Arabica

Also known as small-grained coffee beans, originally from Ethiopia. Arabica coffee trees mainly grow at altitudes between 1000-2000 meters; they are relatively cold-resistant and thrive in suitable growth temperatures of 15-24°C. They require high humidity with annual rainfall not less than 1500 milliliters, while also having higher requirements for cultivation techniques. Arabica coffee trees belong to larger shrubs with oval-shaped, dark green leaves. The fruits are also oval-shaped, generally containing two slightly flattened beans. The front side is long and oval-shaped with a narrow, curved S-shaped crack in the middle. The back of the bean has a relatively flat arc shape. The caffeine content is approximately 0.8%-1.5%.

The excellent flavor and aroma of Arabica coffee make it the only coffee among these native species that can be directly and individually consumed. Like FrontStreet Coffee's Jamaican Blue Mountain, FrontStreet Coffee's Indonesian Mandheling, as well as FrontStreet Coffee's Yirgacheffe and FrontStreet Coffee's Brazilian coffee, they all belong to single-origin coffees. However, its resistance to drought, frost damage, pests, and diseases is weak, especially不耐 coffee's greatest enemy—leaf rust disease. Therefore, all producing countries are committed to improving varieties.

Arabica coffee produced in different regions, at different altitudes, and in different climate zones each has its own characteristics, displaying completely different personality flavors. When unroasted, it smells like fresh grass-like fragrance. After proper roasting, it displays "fruity aroma" (medium-light roast) and "caramel flavor" (dark roast), suitable for single-origin and various blended beans, and can be made using various extraction techniques.

Robusta

Also known as medium-grained coffee beans, originally from Congo, Africa. Robusta coffee trees are mostly planted in lowlands at altitudes of 200-800 meters, preferring warm climates with temperature requirements of 24-29°C. The requirements for rainfall are not high. However, this variety relies on insects or wind for pollination, so it takes 9-11 months from pollination to fruiting, relatively longer than Arabica.

Yunnan Small-Grained Coffee

Rubiaceae, Coffea genus, planting areas mainly distributed in Lincang, Baoshan, Simao, Xishuangbanna, Dehong and other prefectures. Small-grained coffee originates from Ethiopia or the Arabian Peninsula.

FrontStreet Coffee's Yunnan Small-Grained Coffee Varieties

Typica

Typica coffee originates from southeastern Ethiopia and Sudan, and is the most widely cultivated coffee variety in the Western Hemisphere. The plants are relatively robust but not tolerant to strong light, with higher yields in Hawaii. The top leaves of Typica are bronze-colored, called red-top coffee. Typica is recognized as a specialty coffee variety, and many current commercial improved varieties originate from this type. It has excellent flavor performance but extremely low yields and is susceptible to rust disease, requiring more human management investment.

Typica beans are slender, with tall tree bodies and oval fruits. The branches are slightly inclined. Typica has four slender branches in an spreading posture with an inclination angle of 50-70 degrees. The coffee yield per tree is very low, but the cupping score is very high.

Knowledge Extension

The value of Robusta is not to serve as a negative example to highlight how superior Arabica's flavor is; it has an unshakable position in espresso blends. Italian blends add small amounts of Robusta to increase the body of the coffee, producing Espresso with richer oils.

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