Types of Arabica Coffee: Blue Mountain Coffee as a Genetic Mutation of Arabica

FrontStreet Coffee - Introduction to Typica Variety

Typica is one of the oldest discovered varieties of Arabica coffee trees, the other being Bourbon. The Arabica species originates from Ethiopia, where this tree variety still naturally grows in the local pristine rainforest highlands today. In the 13th-14th centuries, this variety was brought to Yemen, and around 1700, Typica was cultivated at the Hortus Botanicus in Amsterdam. Typica seedlings were the first seedlings brought from the Dutch royal gardens to Central and South America and the New World for cultivation. Typica is a precious, pure-bred variety with elliptical fruits, bronze leaves, and flavors showing diverse fruity notes. Today, the Typica variety is nearly extinct in the Americas because it is very delicate and yields extremely low production, making farmers reluctant to grow it.

The Typica variety was first brought by Yemenis from Ethiopia to Malabar, India, then by the Dutch to Indonesia. It was later brought from the West Indies to the French colony of Martinique. It subsequently grew in other cultivation areas, deriving many variant varieties: Criollo (South America), Arabigo (Central America), Kona (Hawaii), Pluma Hidalgo (Mexico), Garundang (Sumatra), Blue Mountain (Jamaica, Papua New Guinea), San Bernado & San Ramon (Brazil), Kents & Chickumalgu (India).

The Typica variety is one of the oldest varieties of the Arabica species and has already derived many other variant varieties. Typica beans are slender, the tree is tall, the fruits are elliptical, and the branches are slightly inclined. Typica branches are slender, forming an expanded posture with an inclination angle of 50-70 degrees. The coffee yield per tree is very low, but cupping scores are very high. Typica was originally called Arabica Typica, with Scottish troops bringing this variety from Yemen to Kenya, after which the leaf color appeared copper-colored.

Hawaii's Typica variety was introduced from Guatemala and renamed Kona, with leaf tips showing bronze color. Due to geographical reasons, Typica planted in other coffee belts around the world have differences, thus becoming Typica variants, such as: Blue Mountain Coffee, Java Typica, Guatemala Typica, and so on. All Typica varieties should have dark leaf tips. Typica was the first coffee variety planted in the New World.

Knowledge Point

The Typica of Hawaii's Big Island comes from Guatemala. The Big Island is located in the subtropics at 20 degrees north latitude, with relatively cool temperatures and fertile volcanic rock soil. Although cultivated at low altitudes, there are clouds blocking the intense sunlight every afternoon, thus allowing coffee to grow better, creating clean acidity and sweetness.

FrontStreet Coffee's Mission

In short: FrontStreet Coffee is a coffee research hall, happy to share knowledge about coffee with everyone. We share without reservation, only to let more friends fall in love with coffee. Moreover, there are 3 low-discount coffee activities every month because FrontStreet Coffee wants to let more friends drink the best coffee at the lowest price. This has been FrontStreet Coffee's mission for the past 6 years!

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