Baoshan Lujiang Xinzhai Small Bean Coffee Variety Origin_The Spread Path of Typica Coffee Beans

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Introduction to Typica: The Ancient Coffee Variety

Typica is one of the oldest varieties of Arabica coffee trees discovered today, along with Bourbon. The Arabica species originates from Ethiopia, where this tree species still grows naturally in the local pristine highland rainforests today. Between the 13th and 14th centuries, this species was brought to Yemen, and around 1700, the Typica variety was cultivated at the Hortus Botanicus in Amsterdam. Typica seedlings were the first seedlings brought from the Dutch Royal Gardens to Central and South America and the New World for cultivation. Typica is a precious variety with pure lineage, featuring oval-shaped fruit, bronze-colored leaves, and diverse fruit-like flavors. Today, the Typica variety is nearly extinct in the Americas because it is quite particular and has very low yields, making many coffee farmers reluctant to cultivate it.

Global Spread and Varieties

● The Typica variety was first brought from Ethiopia to Malabar, India by Yemenis, then brought to Indonesia by the Dutch. Later, it was introduced from the West Indies to the French colony of Martinique. Subsequently, it grew in other cultivation areas, giving rise to many variant varieties: Criollo (South America), Arabigo (Central America), Kona (Hawaii), Pluma Hidalgo (Mexico), Garundang (Sumatra), Blue Mountain (Jamaica, Papua New Guinea), San Bernado & San Ramon (Brazil), Kents & Chickumalgu (India).

Characteristics and Origins

● The Typica variety is one of the oldest varieties of the Arabica species and has given rise to many other variant varieties. Typica beans are slender and elongated, the tree is tall and graceful, with oval-shaped fruit and slightly inclined branches. The four limbs of Typica are slender, extending outward at an angle of 50-70 degrees. The coffee yield per tree is very low, but cupping scores are high. The original name of Typica was Arabica Typica. The Scottish regiment brought this variety from Yemen to Kenya, where the leaf color turned copper after cultivation. Hawaii's Typica variety was introduced from Guatemala and renamed Kona, with leaf tips bearing bronze color. Due to geographical reasons, Typica planted in other coffee growing regions around the world have developed differences, thus becoming Typica variants, such as: Blue Mountain coffee, Java Typica, Guatemala Typica, etc. The leaf tips of all Typica tree varieties should be dark-colored. Typica was the first coffee variety planted in the New World. The Typica planted in Java was a gift from the Dutch to the French King Louis XIV, which survived in the Persian garden, and its seeds were brought to the French colony of Martinique in 1720.

Botanical Features

● Typica is the progenitor of many coffee derivatives. Like other Arabica species, Typica has oval fruit and slightly inclined branches. The Typica tree grows 3.5-4 meters tall, with branches inclined at 50-70 degrees. Typica yields are very low, but cupping quality is high.

Conclusion

The above are some descriptions of the Typica variety, and clearly, we can now distinguish it. With this knowledge, let's embark on a coffee journey to Xinzhai, Baoshan, Yunnan together.

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