What Are the Three Main Varieties of Coffee Beans and What Is the Relationship Between Arabica and Typica

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FrontStreet Coffee - Coffee Varieties: Introduction to Typica Coffee Variety

Arabica Species

Arabica beans are one of the most important varieties in commercial coffee, with a fruiting period within three years and excellent aroma and acidity. Among all coffees, Arabica species account for 75%~80%. World-renowned Blue Mountain coffee, Mocha coffee, and others are almost entirely of the Arabica species.

Robusta Species

Robusta is one of the main coffee tree varieties in the world. Robusta species have a unique aroma and bitterness, accounting for only 2%~3% of coffee blends. It is generally used in industrial coffee production such as instant coffee, canned coffee, and liquid coffee. The caffeine content is around 3.2%, much higher than the 1.5% of Arabica species.

Liberica Species

West Africa is the origin of Liberica coffee species. It has strong adaptability to various environments, whether high or low temperatures, humid or dry conditions, but it is not resistant to leaf rust disease, and its flavor is inferior to that of Arabica species.

Typica

Typica is a sub-variety of Arabica species and was also the first to be transplanted from Yemen to India, Indonesia, and Central and South America. The top young leaves of Typica trees are reddish-brown rather than green, with narrower and longer leaves, and longer distances between branch nodes, resulting in low fruit yield. Ancient Typica beans are larger and more pointed, but when transplanted to the New World, they have also derived more oval and smaller Typica varieties. Although Typica has better flavor, its disease resistance is poor! As an old variety of small-grained coffee, its resistance to pests and diseases is not strong, yield is low, and cultivation is difficult, so the price is much higher than ordinary small-grained coffee. It originated in Ethiopia and southeastern Sudan and is the most widely cultivated coffee variety in the Western Hemisphere. The plants are relatively robust but not tolerant to strong light. The top leaves of Typica are copper-colored, known as red-top coffee.

Knowledge Expansion

Under the same roasting degree and brewing conditions, Typica and Catimor planted on the same land will show that Typica's fruity acidity is more pronounced.

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